How to Send SMS to Angola: Compliance Guide, API Integration & Best Practices

> Quick Overview: Sending SMS to Angola requires compliance with Law no. 22/11 (Data Protection) and Law no. 23/11 (Electronic Communications). Angola's SMS market serves 26.5 million telephony subscribers (December 2024) across Unitel, Movicel, and Africell networks, supporting alphanumeric sender IDs and concatenated messages. This guide covers regulatory requirements, technical specifications, API integration, and best practices for successful SMS delivery in Angola.

Angola SMS Market Overview

Market Conditions: Angola has a growing mobile market with 26.5 million telephony subscribers as of December 31, 2024 (source: INACOM official statistics, 2024). The mobile market reached 25.9 million subscribers as of September 2023, growing by almost 70% following Africell's entry in December 2021. The country faces challenges with gray routes and unauthorized SMS traffic, with approximately 34% of A2P SMS traffic using unauthorized channels (source: Mobilesquared SMS A2P databook). Major mobile operators include:

• Unitel: 71.8% overall market share (~18.5 million subscribers as of September 2023); 65.7% mobile internet market share
• Africell: 24.1% overall market share (~6.2 million subscribers as of September 2023); 27.8% mobile internet market share
• Movicel: 4.1% overall market share (~1.1 million subscribers as of September 2023); 6.5% mobile internet market share

While OTT messaging apps are gaining popularity in urban areas, SMS remains crucial for reaching the broader population, especially in rural regions where data connectivity is limited.

What SMS Features Are Supported in Angola?

Angola supports basic SMS functionality with concatenated messaging capabilities for business and A2P messaging. Two-way SMS is not currently supported through major providers.

Is Two-way SMS Supported in Angola?

Two-way SMS is not supported in Angola through standard API providers (source: Twilio Angola SMS Guidelines, 2024).
No additional requirements are specified as the feature is unavailable.

Concatenated Messages (Segmented SMS)

Support: Yes, concatenation is fully supported in Angola.
Message length rules:

• GSM-7 encoding: 160 characters for single SMS; 153 characters per segment for concatenated messages
• Unicode (UCS-2): 70 characters for single SMS; 67 characters per segment for concatenated messages
• Reduction in multi-part messages occurs because the User Data Header (UDH) takes up 6 bytes for reassembly instructions

Encoding considerations: Both GSM-7 and UCS-2 (Unicode) encodings are supported. Messages are automatically split into segments based on encoding. Note that a single non-GSM-7 character (e.g., 'á') triggers UCS-2 encoding for the entire message, reducing capacity from 160 to 70 characters.

MMS Support

MMS messages are automatically converted to SMS with an embedded URL link (source: Twilio Angola SMS Guidelines, 2024).
For optimal delivery, use SMS with URL links rather than attempting direct MMS sending.

Phone Number Format and Compatibility

Mobile Number Portability in Angola

Mobile Number Portability (MNP) is overseen by INACOM, but implementation status is not publicly confirmed. Carriers currently handle routing based on original network assignments. Contact INACOM (www.inacom.gov.ao, helpline: 15555) for current MNP status.

Can You Send SMS to Landlines in Angola?

SMS to landline numbers is not supported in Angola.
Attempts to send SMS to landline numbers will result in a 400 response error (code 21614) through the API, with no message delivery and no charges applied (source: Twilio Angola SMS Guidelines, 2024).

Angola SMS Compliance: What Are the Legal Requirements for 2024-2025?

Angola enforces data protection through Law no. 22/11 (Data Protection Law, 17 June 2011), Law no. 23/11 (Electronic Communications and Information Society Services Law, 20 June 2011), and Law no. 7/17 (Protection of Information Systems and Networks Law, 16 February 2017). The Agência de Proteção de Dados (APD), established by Presidential Decree 214/2016 (10 October 2016), oversees compliance and enforcement. The APD's governing board took office in October 2019. INACOM regulates electronic communications compliance.

APD Registration and Notification Requirements

APD Notification/Authorization:

• Prior notification to APD required for standard personal data processing
• Prior authorization from APD required for sensitive personal data processing
• Notification must include: controller details, processing purposes, data categories, recipients, retention duration, security measures, and cross-border transfer details
• APD may exempt certain processing from notification requirements

How to Obtain Consent for SMS Marketing in Angola

Explicit Consent Requirements (Law no. 23/11):

• Prior express consent (opt-in) required before sending marketing messages
• Consent must be based on accurate, clear, and comprehensive information
• Consent records must be maintained and easily accessible
• Purpose of communication must be clearly stated during opt-in
• Consent must be specific to SMS communications
• Exception: Marketing to existing customers permitted if opt-out opportunity was provided at transaction time at no cost

Best Practices for Documentation:

• Store consent timestamps and opt-in methods
• Maintain detailed records of consent source and context
• Implement double opt-in for marketing campaigns
• Regular audit of consent records

HELP/STOP and Other Commands

• STOP commands must be honored immediately
• Support for both Portuguese and English keywords required
• Required keywords:
  • PARAR/STOP (stop messages)
  • AJUDA/HELP (get help)
  • CANCELAR/CANCEL (cancel subscription)
• Confirm opt-out with acknowledgment message

Do Not Call / Do Not Disturb Registries

Angola does not maintain a centralized Do Not Call registry (source: DLA Piper Data Protection Guide Angola, 2024). However, you must:

• Maintain internal suppression lists
• Honor opt-out requests immediately
• Implement automated STOP command processing
• Regularly clean contact databases
• Not contact end users on any existing do-not-call or do-not-disturb registries

What Are the Penalties for SMS Compliance Violations in Angola?

Enforcement (Law no. 22/11):

• Monetary fines: $75,000 to $150,000 USD (amounts vary based on violation severity)
• Higher fines may apply for egregious violations (e.g., $225,000 for security failures)
• Criminal and civil liabilities may apply
• APD has authority to impose penalties for violations

Recent Enforcement Actions:

• January 2023: Africell fined $150,000 for failure to notify APD before processing customer personal data
• June-July 2024: APD issued deliberations 004/2024 and 005/2024 on July 19, 2024, with five companies fined totaling approximately $600,000:
  • MAXAM (Companhia de Pólvoras e Explosivos de Angola, S.A.): $150,000 for unlawful data transfer to UK and failure to notify APD of employee data processing
  • BCH (Banco Comercial do Huambo): $75,000 for failure to implement appropriate technical and organizational measures, resulting in cybersecurity attack on customer data
  • UNITEL, S.A.: $75,000 for failure to implement appropriate security measures, facilitating fraudulent transfer of personal data to third parties
  • COSAL (Comércio e Serviços de Angola, Lda.): $75,000 for inadequate cybersecurity measures leading to ransomware vulnerability
  • ENDE (Empresa Nacional de Distribuição de Electricidade): $225,000 for failure to implement appropriate security during ransomware attack

These enforcement actions demonstrate APD's stepped-up efforts to supervise and monitor organizations responsible for processing personal data (source: DataGuidance Angola enforcement reports, 2024).

Law no. 7/17 Penalties:

• Non-compliance fines: AOA 7 million to AOA 200 million for information systems and network security violations

What Is the Best Time to Send SMS in Angola?

Angola follows West Africa Time (WAT/UTC+1).

Recommended Sending Windows:

• Business messages: 8:00 AM – 8:00 PM WAT
• Marketing messages: 10:00 AM – 6:00 PM WAT
• Emergency notifications: 24/7 permitted
• Only communicate during daytime hours unless urgent (Twilio best practice)

How to Set Up Alphanumeric Sender IDs, Long Codes & Short Codes in Angola

Alphanumeric Sender ID

Operator network capability: Supported
Registration requirements: Not required (source: Twilio Angola SMS Guidelines, 2024)
Sender ID preservation: Yes, dynamic alphanumeric sender IDs are supported and preserved
UCS-2 support: Supported for alphanumeric sender IDs
Throughput: Default 10 messages per second (MPS) for alphanumeric sender IDs; contact provider for higher throughput

Long Codes

Domestic vs. International: International long codes supported; domestic availability limited
Sender ID preservation: Yes, original sender ID is preserved
UCS-2 support: Supported
Provisioning time: Varies by provider (typically 1-3 business days)
Throughput: Default 10 MPS for international long codes
Use cases:

• Two-factor authentication (2FA)
• Transactional messages and notifications
• Customer support communications

Short Codes

Support: Not currently supported in Angola (source: Twilio Angola SMS Guidelines, 2024)
Provisioning time: N/A
Use cases: N/A

What Content and Industries Are Restricted for SMS in Angola?

Restricted Industries:

• Gambling and betting services
• Adult content
• Cryptocurrency promotions
• Unauthorized financial services

Regulated Industries:

• Banking (requires central bank approval)
• Healthcare (subject to privacy regulations under Law no. 22/11)
• Insurance (requires regulatory compliance)

Content Filtering and Spam Prevention

Known Carrier Filters:

• URLs from unknown domains
• Multiple exclamation marks
• ALL CAPS messages
• Excessive special characters

Best Practices:

• Use approved URL shorteners
• Avoid spam trigger words
• Maintain consistent sender IDs
• Follow character encoding guidelines

Best Practices for Business SMS and A2P Messaging in Angola

Messaging Strategy

• Keep messages under 160 characters when possible to avoid segmentation
• Include clear call-to-action
• Use personalization tokens strategically
• Maintain consistent brand voice
• Be aware of GSM-7 vs. UCS-2 encoding impact on character limits

Sending Frequency and Timing

• Limit to 4-5 messages per month per user
• Respect religious and national holidays
• Avoid weekends for business messages
• Space campaigns at least 72 hours apart
• Send only during daytime hours (8 AM – 8 PM WAT) unless urgent

Localization for Portuguese Language

• Primary language: Portuguese
• Consider local dialects for specific regions
• Use simple, clear language
• Avoid colloquialisms and idioms
• Support HELP/STOP commands in both Portuguese and English

Opt-Out Management

• Process opt-outs immediately upon request
• Maintain centralized opt-out database
• Confirm opt-out with acknowledgment message
• Regular database cleaning
• Honor withdrawal of consent at any time

Testing and Monitoring

• Test across all major carriers: Unitel (71.8% market share, ~18.5M subscribers), Africell (24.1% market share, ~6.2M subscribers), Movicel (4.1% market share, ~1.1M subscribers)
• Monitor delivery rates by carrier
• Track opt-out rates and patterns
• Regular A/B testing of message content
• Monitor for gray route usage affecting delivery (34% of A2P traffic uses unauthorized channels)

SMS API Integration for Angola: Twilio, Sinch & MessageBird

Twilio SMS API for Angola

Twilio provides a robust SMS API with comprehensive support for Angola. Authentication uses account SID and auth token credentials.

import { Twilio } from 'twilio';

// Initialize client with credentials
const client = new Twilio(
  process.env.TWILIO_ACCOUNT_SID,
  process.env.TWILIO_AUTH_TOKEN
);

// Function to send SMS to Angola
async function sendSMSToAngola(
  to: string,
  message: string,
  senderId: string
) {
  try {
    // Ensure number is in E.164 format for Angola (+244)
    const formattedNumber = to.startsWith('+244') ? to : `+244${to}`;
    
    const response = await client.messages.create({
      body: message,
      from: senderId, // Alphanumeric sender ID supported
      to: formattedNumber,
    });
    
    console.log(`Message sent! SID: ${response.sid}`);
    return response;
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Error sending message:', error);
    throw error;
  }
}

Sinch SMS API for Angola

Sinch offers direct carrier connections in Angola with support for alphanumeric sender IDs.

import { SinchClient } from '@sinch/sdk-core';

// Initialize Sinch client
const sinchClient = new SinchClient({
  projectId: process.env.SINCH_PROJECT_ID,
  keyId: process.env.SINCH_KEY_ID,
  keySecret: process.env.SINCH_KEY_SECRET,
});

// Send SMS using Sinch
async function sendSinchSMS(
  to: string,
  message: string,
  senderId: string
) {
  try {
    const response = await sinchClient.sms.batches.send({
      sendSMSRequestBody: {
        to: [to],
        from: senderId,
        body: message,
        delivery_report: 'summary' // Enable delivery reporting
      }
    });
    
    console.log('Batch ID:', response.id);
    return response;
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Sinch SMS Error:', error);
    throw error;
  }
}

MessageBird SMS API for Angola

MessageBird provides reliable SMS delivery in Angola with comprehensive delivery reporting.

import { MessageBird } from 'messagebird';

// Initialize MessageBird client
const messagebird = new MessageBird(process.env.MESSAGEBIRD_API_KEY);

// Send SMS via MessageBird
async function sendMessageBirdSMS(
  to: string,
  message: string,
  senderId: string
): Promise<any&gt; {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) =&gt; {
    messagebird.messages.create({
      originator: senderId,
      recipients: [to],
      body: message,
      reportUrl: 'https://your-webhook-url.com/delivery-reports'
    }, (err, response) =&gt; {
      if (err) {
        reject(err);
        return;
      }
      resolve(response);
    });
  });
}

SMS API Rate Limits and Throughput in Angola

Default Rate Limits by Provider:

• Twilio: 10 messages per second (default for alphanumeric sender IDs and international long codes; contact Twilio for higher throughput)
• Sinch: Rate limits vary by service plan; check your specific plan or contact support
• MessageBird: Rate limits vary by account; maximum 50 recipients per request; contact support for higher limits

Important Notes:

• Rate limits calculated from all messages sent via API
• Batches count as multiple messages (e.g., batch with 10 recipients = 10 messages for rate limiting)
• 429 response indicates rate limit exceeded; reduce request rate and retry
• Sinch status queries limited to 1 request per second per IP address

Throughput Management Strategies:

• Implement exponential backoff for retries
• Use queue systems (Redis/RabbitMQ) for high volume
• Batch messages when possible
• Monitor delivery rates by carrier
• Consider gray route risks (34% of A2P traffic uses unauthorized channels)

Error Handling and Reporting

Common Error Scenarios:

interface SMSError {
  code: string;
  message: string;
  timestamp: Date;
  recipient: string;
}

function handleSMSError(error: SMSError): void {
  // Log error details
  console.error(`SMS Error ${error.code}: ${error.message}`);
  
  // Handle specific error codes
  switch (error.code) {
    case 'invalid_number':
      // Clean up invalid numbers from database
      break;
    case 'carrier_error':
      // Queue for retry with exponential backoff
      break;
    case 'rate_limit':
      // Implement delay before retrying
      break;
    default:
      // Generic error handling
      break;
  }
}

Frequently Asked Questions About Sending SMS to Angola

What is the best SMS provider for Angola?

Twilio, Sinch, and MessageBird all provide reliable SMS delivery to Angola. Twilio offers 10 messages per second throughput with alphanumeric sender ID support. Choose based on your volume requirements, budget, and existing infrastructure. All three providers support concatenated messages and E.164 phone number formatting (+244).

Do I need to register my sender ID in Angola?

No registration is required for alphanumeric sender IDs in Angola. Dynamic alphanumeric sender IDs are supported and preserved by Unitel, Africell, and Movicel carriers. However, you must comply with Law 22/11 and Law 23/11 regarding data protection and electronic communications.

What phone number format should I use to send SMS to Angola?

Use E.164 international format for all Angola phone numbers: +244 followed by the 9-digit local number. For example, +244912345678. All SMS API providers (Twilio, Sinch, MessageBird) require this format. Numbers without the +244 country code may fail delivery or result in API errors.

What are the SMS character limits for Angola?

Angola supports standard GSM-7 encoding (160 characters single SMS, 153 per segment for concatenated) and Unicode/UCS-2 (70 characters single SMS, 67 per segment). Note that a single accented character triggers UCS-2 encoding for the entire message, reducing capacity from 160 to 70 characters.

Is consent required for SMS marketing in Angola?

Yes, explicit prior consent (opt-in) is required before sending marketing SMS under Law 23/11. You must provide clear information about the purpose, maintain consent records with timestamps, and honor STOP/PARAR commands immediately. Penalties range from $75,000 to $150,000 USD for violations.

What time can I send SMS in Angola?

Send business SMS between 8:00 AM – 8:00 PM WAT (UTC+1) and marketing SMS between 10:00 AM – 6:00 PM WAT. Emergency notifications are permitted 24/7. Angola follows West Africa Time year-round (no daylight saving time).

Can I send two-way SMS in Angola?

No, two-way SMS is not currently supported in Angola through standard API providers like Twilio, Sinch, or MessageBird. You can only send one-way outbound messages. For interactive communications, consider using web-based forms or callback URLs.

What percentage of Angola SMS traffic uses gray routes?

Approximately 34% of A2P SMS traffic in Angola uses unauthorized gray routes, significantly higher than the global average of 3%. This affects delivery reliability and revenue for legitimate carriers like Unitel, Africell, and Movicel. Use authorized providers to ensure compliance and optimal delivery rates.

Which mobile carriers operate in Angola?

Angola has three major mobile carriers as of September 2023: Unitel (71.8% market share with approximately 18.5 million subscribers), Africell (24.1% market share with approximately 6.2 million subscribers), and Movicel (4.1% market share with approximately 1.1 million subscribers). Angola's total mobile market reached 25.9 million subscribers in September 2023. For SMS delivery, test across all three carriers to ensure optimal performance.

Do I need APD notification to send SMS in Angola?

It depends on your data processing activities. Prior notification to APD is required for standard personal data processing, while prior authorization is needed for sensitive personal data. Consult Law 22/11 and qualified legal counsel to determine your specific obligations.

How much do SMS compliance violations cost in Angola?

APD enforcement actions in 2024 resulted in fines ranging from $75,000 to $225,000 per violation. In June-July 2024, five companies were fined a total of $600,000 for data protection violations. Fines vary based on severity, with higher penalties for security failures and unauthorized data transfers.

Summary and Additional Resources

Key Takeaways

1. Compliance Requirements:

   • Obtain explicit prior consent (opt-in) before sending marketing messages
   • Provide prior notification or obtain authorization from APD for data processing
   • Honor opt-out requests immediately
   • Maintain proper documentation (consent records, purpose, recipients, retention)
   • Face penalties of $75,000–$150,000 USD plus potential criminal/civil liability

2. Technical Considerations:

   • Support for alphanumeric sender IDs (no registration required)
   • Message concatenation available (GSM-7: 153 chars/segment; UCS-2: 67 chars/segment)
   • No MMS support (automatically converted to SMS with URL)
   • Two-way SMS not supported
   • Default 10 MPS throughput (contact providers for increases)

3. Best Practices:

   • Send during daytime hours (8 AM – 8 PM WAT) unless urgent
   • Use Portuguese language
   • Implement proper error handling
   • Monitor delivery rates across all three carriers: Unitel (71.8% market share, ~18.5M subscribers), Africell (24.1%, ~6.2M subscribers), Movicel (4.1%, ~1.1M subscribers)
   • Be aware of gray route challenges (34% of A2P traffic unauthorized)

Next Steps

1. Regulatory Compliance:

   • Review Law no. 22/11 (Data Protection Law) requirements
   • Review Law no. 23/11 (Electronic Communications Law) requirements
   • Determine whether APD notification or authorization required for your use case
   • Consult qualified legal counsel for compliance verification
   • Document consent processes and data handling procedures

2. Technical Setup:

   • Choose an SMS provider (Twilio, Sinch, or MessageBird)
   • Implement error handling and retry logic
   • Set up delivery reporting and monitoring
   • Configure sender IDs (alphanumeric supported)
   • Test across all three major carriers

3. Testing:

   • Verify sender ID display across carriers
   • Test message delivery and segmentation
   • Monitor success rates and identify gray route issues
   • Validate HELP/STOP command processing in Portuguese and English

Additional Resources

• Agência de Proteção de Dados (APD): www.apd.ao – Data protection authority; handles notifications/authorizations
• INACOM (Instituto Angolano das Comunicações): www.inacom.gov.ao, helpline 15555 – Telecommunications regulatory authority
• Law no. 22/11: Data Protection Law (17 June 2011)
• Law no. 23/11: Electronic Communications and Information Society Services Law (20 June 2011)
• Law no. 7/17: Protection of Information Systems and Networks Law (16 February 2017)

Contact Information:

• Data Protection Agency (APD): Established by Presidential Decree 214/2016
• INACOM Technical Support: 15555
• Legal Resources: Consult qualified legal counsel familiar with Angolan data protection and telecommunications law